Reading backscatter from near-shore ocean waves

A stochastic, multiscale model of microwave backscatter from the ocean

[1] The conventional view of microwave backscatter from the ocean is based on composite surface and quasi-specular theories. In this view, backscatter at intermediate incidence angles is due to Bragg scattering from freely propagating short surface waves that are advected and modulated by longer waves. At small incidence angles the scattering process becomes quasi-specular, coming from small fa...

Effects of rain on Ku-band backscatter from the ocean

[1] During the Kwajalein Experiment (KWAJEX) in July and August 1999, measurements of the normalized radar cross section of the ocean, so, were made at Ku-band with HH and VV polarizations from the R/V Ronald H. Brown. Data were collected at a variety of incidence angles during periods of rainfall as well as during clear conditions. During the experiment the rainfall rate ranged from 0 to 80 mm...

Intermediate Wave Effects in Microwave Backscatter from the Ocean

Near-shore Antarctic pH variability has implications for the design of ocean acidification experiments

Understanding how declining seawater pH caused by anthropogenic carbon emissions, or ocean acidification, impacts Southern Ocean biota is limited by a paucity of pH time-series. Here, we present the first high-frequency in-situ pH time-series in near-shore Antarctica from spring to winter under annual sea ice. Observations from autonomous pH sensors revealed a seasonal increase of 0.3 pH units....

Erratum: Near-shore Antarctic pH variability has implications for the design of ocean acidification experiments